PSG has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.